All About Snow Fleas, a Wingless Insect

All About Snow Fleas, a Wingless Insect For the bug enthusiasts among us, its a happy day when we find snow fleas. At the end of a long, cold, nearly bug-free winter, we feel lucky to find a mass of tiny arthropods hopping about in the melting snow. Snow fleas are actually not  fleas  at all, but a kind of  springtail. Because theyre tiny and tend to jump, they remind people of fleas and thus were given this inaccurate name. What Do Snow Fleas Look Like? From even a short distance away, snow fleas look like bits of dirt or pepper on the surface of the snow. They catch peoples attention because they have a habit of jumping. At times, snow fleas gather in such large numbers they make the snow look black or blue. They tend to aggregate on the surface of the snow around the trunks of trees. Take a closer look, however, and youll find that snow fleas look similar to other springtails. Theyre quite small, reaching only 2-3 millimeters in length. The springtails we find flinging themselves across the snow are usually blue in color. In North America, the snow fleas were likely to find belong to the genus  Hypogastrura. Why and How Do Snow Fleas Jump? Snow fleas are wingless insects, incapable of flying. They move by walking and jumping. But unlike other famous jumping arthropods like  grasshoppers  or  jumping spiders, snow fleas dont use their legs to jump. Snow fleas catapult themselves into the air by releasing a spring-like mechanism called a  furcula, a sort of tail thats folded underneath its body - thus the name springtail. When the furcula releases, the snow flea is launched several inches in the air, a considerable distance for such a tiny bug. Its an effective way to flee potential predators quickly, although they have no way to steer. Why Do Snow Fleas Gather on the Snow? Snow fleas live in the soil and leaf litter, even in the winter months, where they munch away on decaying vegetation and other organic matter. Springtails are actually quite common and abundant, but theyre so tiny that they tend to blend in and go unnoticed. Remarkably, snow fleas dont freeze in the winter thanks to a special kind of protein in their bodies. This protein is rich in  glycine, an  amino acid, which enables the protein to bind to ice crystals and keep them from growing. It works much like the antifreeze we put in our cars. The antifreeze protein allows snow fleas to remain alive and active even in subzero temperatures. On warm and sunny winter days, particularly as we get closer to spring, snow fleas make their way up through the snow, perhaps in search of food. As they gather in numbers on the white surface, flinging themselves from place to place, they attract our attention. How Do I Get Rid of Snow Fleas? Why would you want to get rid of snow fleas? Theyre perfectly harmless. They dont bite, they cant make you sick, and they wont hurt your plants. In fact, they help improve your soil by breaking down organic material. Leave them be. Once the snow melts and spring arrives, youll forget theyre even there - unless you like bugs, in which case you may find yourself searching for them in the soil. Sources: Springtails, by Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University.Springtails and Snowfleas, Insect Diagnostic Laboratory, Cornell University.Snow fleas: helpful winter critters, by Katie Kline, Ecological Society of America, January 28, 2011.Structural Modeling of Snow Flea Antifreeze Protein, by Feng-Hsu Lin, Laurie A. Graham,  Robert L. Campbell, and Peter L. Davies,  Biophysical Journal, March 1, 2007.Snow fleas are conspicuous but harmless, by Jeff Hahn, University of Minnesota Extension, March 26, 2014.

Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Essay Example

Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Essay Example Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Essay Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Essay Effective value concatenation as a competitory advantage can lend significantly to the prosperity of a house in the competitory sphere. but it can do desperate state of affairss if non operated decently ( Guy. 2011 ) . However. there are struggles among companies as to how stakeholders think they gain competitory advantage. Porter ( 1996 ) suggests: A company can surpass challengers merely if it can set up a difference that it can continue. It must present greater value to clients or make comparable value at lower cost or make both. The arithmetic of superior profitableness so follows: delivering greater value allows a company to bear down higher mean unit monetary values ; greater efficiency consequences in lower norm costs ( Walters A ; Rainbird. 2007. p. 25 ) . Walters A ; Rainbird ( 2007 ) states that an effectual value making scheme takes an organisation beyond its ain boundaries. An organisation has an advantage over other suppliers of the same goods or a service in a consumer market unless it has a monopoly or is the first to make the market. Review of Concepts Value concatenation helps companies assess their competitory advantage through internal cost analysis. internal distinction analysis. and perpendicular linkage analysis. Competitive advantage is about detecting what clients want and productively fulfilling those demands and transcending their outlooks. Customer delectation is a rule that drives repetition buying and client trueness. It is about making a WOW feeling and it can be the difference between success or failure. Two standards must be met for a company to last and thrive in the industry: the company must provide what the clients want to purchase and they must last the competition. Value Chain A value concatenation describes the full scope of activities that companies and workers do to convey the merchandise from its construct to its terminal usage and beyond. These activities are design. production. selling. distribution and support to the concluding consumer. The value concatenation analysis can bring forth goods and services that can be contained within a individual geographical location or a broad country ( Global Value Chains. 2006 ) . Michael Porter ( 1985 ) described value concatenation as the internal procedures or activities that a company performs to design. market. deliver. green goods. and back up its product . He even when a measure further and stated a firm’s value concatenation and the manner it performs single activities are a contemplation if its history. its scheme. and the implicit in economic sciences of the activities themselves . Companies use the value concatenation attack to understand which distribution channels. monetary value points. sections. merchandise distinction. and selling propositions to give them the greatest advantage of competition. Competitive Advantage A competitory advantage is when the company sustains net incomes that exceed the norm for its industry. Competitive advantage is assess by utilizing the undermentioned value concatenation analysis of internal cost analysis to find the beginnings of profitableness ; internal distinction analysis to understand the beginnings of distinction ; and perpendicular linkage analysis to understand the relationships and associated costs among external providers and clients. The advantage exists when the house is able to present the same benefits as rivals but at a lower cost. or present benefits that exceed those of viing merchandises. A competitory advantage allows the company to make superior value for its clients and superior net incomes for itself ( QuickMBA. 2010 ) . QuickMBA ( 2010 ) states that a competitory advantage is created by utilizing resources and capablenesss to accomplish a lower cost construction or a differentiated merchandise and this determination is a cardinal constituent of the company’s scheme for competition. In order to accomplish this advantage. the company must execute one or more value making activities that will make more overall value than the rivals. A company’s success in developing and prolonging its competitory advantage does non depend on its ain value concatenation but on its ability to pull off the value system on which it is a portion. An illustration would be an car maker that may hold its providers set up installations in close propinquity in order to minimise conveyance costs and cut down parts stock lists. Customer Delight Steve Denning ( 2011 ) . provinces that client delectation is the firm’s new underside line and pleasing the client from beginnings to results. By concentrating on pleasing the client the house makes a batch more money than they would if they set out to do money. Pleasing the clients make a batch of money. Customer delight = supplying a uninterrupted watercourse of extra value to clients and presenting it sooner. It is mensurable and means a different manner of running the company. Delighted clients are those where the demands are anticipated. solutions are provided to them before they ask and observations are made to find if new and/or extra outlooks are ready to be required. Pleasing the clients maintain them coming back for more and causes new clients to come. Customer delight distinguishes a company from the remainder. allows the company to do more return on its investing. and allows the employees to be rewarded ( Customer Delight ) . Inters of Successful Companies FedEx structurally redefined express cargo service by geting its ain planes and implementing a hub and radius system. This was done after they reconfigured its value concatenation. Customer demands are increasing in measure with quickly germinating engineering and they want their engineering spouse to do it simple. This is why Dell changed its attack to client systems and decided to review its intent to present engineering solutions that enables people everyplace to turn and boom ( Raghava Rau. et Al ) . Wals of Unsuccessful Companies Conclusion The value concatenation activities are non isolated from one another but one value concatenation activities affects the cost or public presentation of other 1s. Value concatenation is a necessary constituent for competitory advantage and usage delectation. They each are inter-related with the success of the others. A company’s success in developing and prolonging its competitory advantage does non depend on its ain value concatenation but on its ability to pull off the value system on which it is a portion. In order for companies to last and thrive in its industry. they must provide what the clients want to purchase and they must last the competition.

Ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethics - Term Paper Example Leaders, who possess honesty and integrity, are better equipped to inculcate a sense of security within the workforce during the fast transforming dynamics of the current business processes. People are frequently less honest in putting their best in their work environment, especially when they are not motivated for the work that they get paid for. I really feel that whatever the work environment, one should do one’s job with full sincerity and try to give one’s best under all circumstances. As in the present case, while my current job is not to my liking, I still conscientiously try to put my best in my job. Another very important fact is that leaders and managers within the organizations should also be honest in their feedback to the employees’ performance. This is one of the most critical aspects of improving and improvising the work performance of the sub-ordinates and workforce in general. Our office environment hugely lacks motivated work because the manager is often inclined to give wrong reports to the seniors. The manager often does not give correct feedbacks. Recently one my colleague was fired for causing a grave error. It was unexpected because he was never told about his mistakes. When he was suddenly served with the notice, we all realized that manager was not only dishonest but had also betrayed the trust of his subordinates. He had just compiled the worker’s mistakes which he had never bothered to discuss with him! In my role as leader or manager, I would ensure that workers are provided with regular feedback so that they can improve their work. This not only would create a more motivating environment but also develop trust between the management and workforce. Honest dialogues also promote inter-personal relationship. When the leaders are honest in their intention to address the problems of the workers, they are better able to manage their performance. Another vital issue is ensuring that workers are given correct pic ture of the organizational performance so that they are able to garner workers’ trust. Managers often misread situations and wishfully hope that optimist attitude would improve situations and productivity. When, over a long time, situations do not improve, he not loses his credibility but also the trust of his people. I will be honest with my workers and try to present correct picture of organization’s future. I think, it would encourage employees to apply new vision and wider perspectives on issues so that corrective measures could be applied for improving the overall performance. Accountability of actions is another important work principle that improves quality of work and promotes teamwork. In fact, one of the members of my team had developed the habit of calling sick on Friday to Monday on a regular basis. His long absence had huge adverse impact on the productivity and weekly targets. Despite repeated complaint, manager had delayed taking action against the errin g member till after huge loss was discovered by the senior management. The lack of accountability on the parts of colleague as well as that of my supervisor/ manager was highly detrimental to organization performance. It also reflected badly on the rest of the team as we were not able to achieve the defined target. I believe that accountability of one’s action is a vital ingredient of one’

Strategic Sourcing - Assignmet Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Sourcing - Assignmet - Case Study Example A quality analyst should have a high level of training and have exceptional analytical abilities along with broad knowledge. He should also be creative and be a quick learner in order to solve problems easily. The quality analyst is always supposed to work with other people as an analysis of the process of production entails an analysis of the people involved along with the technology. The applicant should demonstrate that he has an ability to cooperate and interrelate with other employees efficiently. Â  This question aims to understand whether the candidate has the necessary skills that are needed to report and make effective presentations that associated with the position through oral or written communication. The candidate should be able to demonstrate that he can make effective presentations of problems and proposed means of dealing with them. He should also show that he can freely interact with the rest of the employees and clients with exceptional oral and written skills The candidate should broadly explain how he would be able to efficiently use his skills and experience if he is selected for the job. He should demonstrate his motivation, abilities to deal with challenges and be flexible in handling challenging situations. The ideal candidate should possess a bachelor’s degree in quality control a related field so that he can demonstrate competency with essential skills that provide a wide range of knowledge for success as a professional. The candidate should be able to demonstrate that he possesses exceptional analytical skills that are needed to perform the tasks associated with the position efficiently. He must also show an ability to rely on his skills in the various responsibilities associated with the position. The ideal candidate should be one that is willing to learn from his mistakes and one who regularly seeks to get more knowledge on his field through seminars and workshops as well as other forms

The Field Of Decision Making Effectuation Business Essay

The Field Of Decision Making Effectuation Business Essay The creation of new businesses has a significant impact on creating more jobs and economic growth. Entrepreneurial studies have significant results. Personal characteristics of entrepreneurs, market forces and conditions, Industry trends and dynamics can have an important influence on the success of the entrepreneur but also the social skills that helps them to interact successful with others. Entrepreneurs are linked to perform financial activities of new ventures, after other studies proved high social skills is good for almost all individuals. In recent years causation versus effectuation has become an essential subject in Entrepreneurial science. Ten years ago, two terms of different styles of entrepreneurship were introduced called Causation and Effectuation. In the field of decision-making Effectuation is a relatively new theory of entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurial process is an inverse of the classical causational process. Many scholars have written different books on this concept but in my assignment I will use ideas and concept of one particular person her name is Sarasvathy. She explained these two terms causation and effectuation in a very nice way. Sarasvathy (2001a) defines that causational process take a particular effect as given and focus on selecting between means to create that effect, while defining that effectuation process take a set of means as given and focus on selecting between possible effects that can be created with that set of means (p.245). She has also given different examples to explain this concept in good way and clarify her statement and difference between causation and effectuation. Using her example which she established in her dissertation (p.245): a chef that is asked to cook dinner for a host. The causation process would mean the host chooses a menu, upon which the chef shops for the necessary ingredients and cooks the meal. Hence, the end is given and predictable, and the focus is on acquiring, and selecting between, the means to achieve the end. The effectuation process mean would that the host asks the chef to imagine possible menus based on the available means in the kitchen: available ingredients and utensils. Hence, the mean are given and focus is on what can be achieved with them. Nowadays mostly entrepreneurs use effectuation model rather than causational model thats why effectuation model continuously gaining foothold in the field of entrepreneurship research. In this assignment, I will address a piece of that gap. If we go back to the Sarasvathy theories about entrepreneurship, Sarasvathy (2001a) indicates that the theory of effectuation is influenced by a large list of scholars for example Knight, Weick, March, Buchanan, Vanberg. According to Sarasvathy theoretical framework. Effectuation inverts the fundamental principles, solution process and overall logic of predictive rationality Sarasvathy (2001a p.2) It is argued that effective mechanisms associated with the discovery and exploitation of opportunities in new markets with high levels of uncertainty (Sarasvathy, 2001). For this reason, Sarasvathy suggests that the success of the first participants in a new industry is more likely to use the process of achieving causal processes. Because the effectuation and has a sophisticated design and prediction, the costs associated with these activities are reduced (Bhide, 2000; Mintzberg, 1994). Sarasvathy (2001) argues that while new businesses fail created by effectuation model, they will fail in initial levels and / or lower investments than those businesses which created through the causal model. Implementing the theory based on the decision of the literature suggests that if decision makers believe that it is a relatively unpredictable, they will try to gather information about the future trends of experimental, iterative learning (for example, Ries, 2011).The elements of effectuation help us to reconstruction experimental and iterative learning techniques that allow entrepreneurs to discover information about the future as time passes. (Sarasvathy, 2001). Sarasvathy describes succinctly the difference in the two logical modes: Causal problems are problems of decision; effectual problems are problems of design. Causal logics help us choose; effectual logics help us construct. Causal strategies are useful when the future is predictable, goals are clear and the environment is independent of our actions; effectual strategies are useful when the future is unpredictable, goals are unclear and the environment is driven by human action. The causal actor begins with an effect he wants to create and asks, What should I do to achieve this particular effect? The effecutator begins with her means and asks, What can I do with these means? And then again, What else can I do with them? (Sarasvathy 2008). The study showed that the two methods differed by five factors Resource driven objectives The first and most definitive part which separated experts from novices was how they began the process of making decisions to create a business. (Sarasvathy,2008). The beginner started with a business plan (with corresponding targets) and market research. Business experts entrepreneurs, meanwhile, made three key issues: 1) Who am I? 2) What do I know? 3) Who do I know? To do this, the employer is strictly inventory of resources. What services or goods, the employer already know how to deliver? When asked who the employer has identified these things were more passionate. Finally, the most extreme effectuators always started with what he knew well, could begin to build partnerships. For example, one participant said: The traditional market research, he says, based on a broad collection of information, perhaps via e-mail. I would not do that. I literally would seek, as I said at the beginning, company key star call; do a frontal lobotomy on them. . . The challenge is to actually choose your partners and yourself early package before you have to put a lot of capital. (Sarasvathy, 2008). This line of thinking is very similar look with Napoleon. As in the Battle of Toulon (Note 4) Napoleon had decided to conquer these strategic resources to rigorously examined and their position. (Duggan, 2009). Similarly, entrepreneurs resources expert study before making a decision. Minimizing losses rather than focusing on returns The second element is that entrepreneurs like to spend only what they could afford to lose. (Sarasvathy, 2008). In contrast, novices focused on the amount that can be expected in return. Ends effectuators not want to spend money. He was careful in spending money on marketing. An entrepreneur may even sell a product that was not available to the client. He built only after the customer wanted to buy. (Sarasvathy, 2008). Forming partnerships The third element is that the business experts differ from novices focusing on partner search. First, he tried to quickly turn customers into partners which come in their new business. Second, unlike novices who focus on competition, experts are diligent in building associations. Refining the service or product based on customer feedback The fourth element is that entrepreneurs specialists recognize that the initial product is not where it should be. (Sarasvathy 2008). When applying iterative information for customers about your product or service, the entrepreneur has the ability to transform. Thus, the contractor is not an expert to say a fixed idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹what the market needs. Instead, the entrepreneur and the dialogue with the market to determine what the market wants. (Sarasvathy 2008). Arriving at a different destination The fifth and final point is that entrepreneur experts do not have a fixed goal or destination. For example, unlike the classic strategic model, the journey from A to B is often converted into a journey from A to C, where C is unthinkable death or diversion. Two thirds of the study participants, eventually selling products or services that is different from their origin. (Sarasvathy 2008). This is another look resonate with Napoleon. Map of Napoleons final battle and the strategic points have changed their plans before the battle. Similarly, when employers use guidance based media must change their original plans of the dynamics of resources, knowledge, alliances, customers and environmental changes. (Sarasvathy 2008). EXAMPLES Following are the examples of effectuation model businesses. Ebay.co.uk Kelkoo.co.uk Gocompare.com Facebook.com Zara Gap Auto trader Ali baba Conclusion Effectuation has big hold on the imagination of researchers because it identi ¬Ã‚ es and questions basic consideration of how individuals think and behave when starting businesses, and it offers on other hand explanation to causation that many believe has face validity. An effectuation model company seems particularly appropriate as it can best be explained how, in the absence of current markets for future goods and services, these goods and services manage to come into existence (Venkataraman, 1997, p. 120). In other words, it seems preferable to describe the actual thoughts and behaviours that some experienced entrepreneurs to start a new business. Therefore, we believe that the application of entrepreneurship and effectuation model is a theoretical model to be tested by the researchers. In this assignment, I aimed to answer the question, what is currently known, in terms of literature, about the relationship between causation and effectuation? This was done through a comprehensive literature review, first realise that effectuation is relatively new but already well established in entrepreneurial decision making, enjoying a large number of species theories and empirical evidence proving its existence. Secondly, it was found that there was only one role associated with the effectuation and start-up performance. Thirdly, I studied the relationship between causation and effectuation although there is a big contradiction as relationship between the two is obvious. The last part of the literature review focuses on other influences on performance that could be distilled from a business plan to control their growth and motivation / intention was the result.

The Mathematics of Map Coloring :: Colors Science Essays

The Mathematics of Map Coloring The four-color conjecture has been one of several unsolved mathematical problems. From 1852 to this day, practically every mathematician has studied the problem long and hard, but to no avail. The conjecture looks as though it has been solved by Wolfgang Haken and Kenneth Appel, both of the University of Illinois. They have used computer technology to prove the conjecture. The calculation itself goes on for about 1200 hours. The staggering length of the computation of the proof is what creates some controversy in the mathematical world. The Appel-Haken Theorem is based on numerous assumptions, â€Å"that there is an overwhelmingly great probability that their method of proof must succeed.† [3] It assumes that the theory itself is correct, but the theory itself is also an assumption. You can see why this issue has been wreaking havoc for many years. It all started back in 1852 when Francis Guthrie was coloring a map of England. He wanted to know the least amount of colors, or chromatic number, it would take to color the map so no two adjacent regions are of the same color. He found the chromatic number to be four. He then studied arbitrary maps and wondered if all maps could be colored with four colors. Francis’ curiosity would be in the minds of all mathematicians to come. He then passed this question on to his brother, Frederick. He then submitted this to his professor Augustus deMorgan as a mathematical conjecture. deMorgan was fascinated by the Four-Color problem and wrote in a letter to his colleague Sir William Rowan Hamilton the next day after seeing the conjecture. Hamilton was less enlightened by it, and never worked on it. It was through deMorgan that the Four-Color problem was made known, thus deMorgan has incorrectly been dubbed the originator of the problem. Eventually the hype surrounding the conjecture died down in the early 1860’s. This down time, during which interest in the problem was minimal, only lasted about twenty years. A lawyer by the name of Alfred Bray Kempe proposed a solution in The American Journal of

Enrollment Process Essay

INTRODUCTION Enrollment is the process of entering and verifying data of students and faculty to register on a certain school. Different interconnected processes build up enrollment procedures called enrollment system. Enrollment system is used particularly in recording and retrieving students’ information. Tracking students’ information is also one feature of enrollment system, in which the school can trace the standing of a student. Verifying payments is also added to update or browse students’ billings. Enrollment system is a good example of a computer generated process. This can diminish the workload and provide accurate information needed of the school. Enrollment and Accounting System must be used in schools. It will provide and store the needed information faster and more convenient. Moreover, it allows the retrieval of information of student enrollees and faculties in a computer system that will lessen their time and effort of faculty staff in storing files of each student and faculty every now and then. The information here can be viewed in just a second without becoming anxious that a single file is lost. The idea behind an enrollment and accounting system is not a new concept since some schools are already using electronic enrollment system. In this study, the researchers concentrated on the developed of Enrollment and Accounting System for St. Andrew Academy to provide solution to the problem that they encounter in operating its manual enrollment and accounting system. The directress of the said school uses manual system in recording and retrieving students’ information. In fact, she does all the record keeping just by using ball pen and columnar sheet. On the other hand, the registrar also uses manual system in recording and retrieving student information. In connection to this, the researchers conclude that they are capable of creating a system to address the problem based on their background and knowledge they learned in their Database Management System 2. PROJECT CONTEXT (IPO) The system design project is Enrollment and Accounting System that will provide and store the needed information in a faster, more convenient way by  storing file of the student enrollees and payroll of the faculties in a computer system. This will also be exclusively used for the irregular students, freshmen, transferee, and professor/instructor in able to get access in course, subject, professor, and student enrollees. This will also be a big help to all the enrollment staff especially under the management information system because they are the ones who are entitled to touch and read the information. It will help the institution to have a system that will enhance the enrollment processes so as to meet the quality that the institutions are trying to meet. Input Process Output FEEDBACK Figure 1: Research Paradigm The paradigm of this research consists of three parts. First is Input wherein the researchers will identify the problems encounter of the existing of Enrollment and Accounting System of St. Andrew Academy, the Functional and Non-Functional requirements of the system, the Hardware and Software requirements, and last is the level of acceptability of the proposed system. This will enable the developers to work on the features of the system that will help alleviate, if not totally solve, the problems identified on the first phase of the study. The next phase of the study is the Process wherein the researchers will use the Unified Process (UP) in IPO is specifically from Inception to Transition. This is considered the most costly and laborious phase of the study as the developers will guarantee that the system addresses the problems determined in the first phase of the study. Last is the Output which will be the outcome of the concentrated system. The system will undergo intensive testing to evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, usefulness, responsiveness, and maintainability of the software. PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION The main purpose of this study is to develop a software to improve the old and manual enrollment and accounting system of St. Andrew Academy. Hence, it helps allow the school to gain the optimum benefits that the user would get  once the new enrollment scheme is implemented. Moreover, it also aims to design an effective and efficient system in terms of speed, reliability and accuracy, and to ease the enrollment system for computer-based system effectively to benefit both the faculty and student community. This study is also meant to help the school manage various operations including data storage, administration, and operations. Students may inquire on matters related to admission and enrollment requirements. The faculty will also be allowed to inquire on matters related to their payrolls. This system assists the students and faculty in their educational and personal need. The enrollment and accounting system will support the student enrollment, admission, and registration process. The database includes the record of students’ personal data, academic information, and related fees. In connection to this, the information of the faculty of the school is required in this system. It focuses on storing and processing (insertion and updating) by using graphical user interface. It generates student information in formatted tables, fees invoice, subjects enrolled, student’s academic detail report, student’s personal detail report, and student’s fee deposition status report. New enrollees will be the only ones to fill up their personal information since they do not have existing records on the system yet. Returning students will only present their report card for the update of their academic record which is already stored in the system. Enrollment and Accounting System is a system in which the computer plays a major role. This is the best way of storing and retrieving data on a server or hard disk rather than using papers and file cabinets. This will help the institution to store the data they need efficiently. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The researchers aim to design and develop an Enrollment and Accounting System for the students and the teachers of St. Andrew Academy to improve their old and manual system. In accordance with this study, the researchers aimed to provide answers to the following questions: 1. To determine the problems encountered with the existing system of St. Andrew Academy. 2. To identify functional and non-functional requirements. 3. To identify hardware and software requirements. 4. To test the level of the acceptability of the proposed system. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The scope of this study is to determine the management practices of the said school. It will look into features of the office and its daily tasks operation. The respondents will be limited to the registrar, cashier, administrator, faculty and employees and the student to ascertain and identify the actual problems existing within the school. It will be used to avoid duplication in encoding and tracing the student information as well as the teachers/faculty information with payrolls when it comes to enrollment processing and payments. With regard to the accounting aspect, it is concerned in getting the time record and attendance of teachers. In the same time the computation of hours work and monitoring of over time, under time, late and outdoor work are included. In addition to this, the proposed Enrollment and Accounting System of St. Andrew Academy supports the network topology implementation within the campus. DEFINITION OF TERMS Operational Terms The definitions of terms are based on observable characteristics and how it is used in the study. Users They are the individuals who use the system for its problem solving assistance. Administrator It refers to a person in charge to manage a system. Record It is a document that contains an account particularly in terms of collection. Conceptual Terms The definitions of terms are based on concepts or hypothetic ones, which are usually taken from the dictionary. Computer System It is the configuration that includes all functional components of computer and its associated hardware or software. Database It is an integrated collection of data which provides a more efficient way of storage and retrieval of data and is capable of processing large portions of data immediately. Information is the data that has been changed into a  useful form of output. Process It refers to a series of actions, changes, of functions that bring about an end result. Software It is a computer terminology used to describe the unseen programming codes and running application inside the computer system. System It is a set of related a component that produces specific results.